In a message dated 10/11/2012 3:05:23 A.M. Central Standard Time,
[log in to unmask] writes:
1.Escape and hybridization of a genetically modified invasive plant
2.Illegal gene flow from transgenic creeping bentgrass: the saga continues
NOTE; Scotts, the US lawn and garden care company, teamed up with Monsanto
to develop Roundup Ready
bentgrass seed with a view to selling it to the lucrative golf-course
market. The US Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and most of
Oregon's grass-seed growers all had major concerns about its development. But
Scotts still got the green light to begin GM bentgrass trials in Oregon. A
decade later the problems of GM contamination continue and appear to be
growing more complex.
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1.Escape and hybridization of a genetically modified invasive plant
Invasive Plant Guide Blog, October 5 2012
http://invasiveplantguide.com/blog/?p=164
Back in 2002 Scotts Company planted Roundup resistant Agrostis stolonifera
(creeping bentgrass) in a trial field in Oregon. The genes moved in pollen
carried by the wind to wild Agrostis stolonifera and A. gigantea plants up
to 21 km away. Scotts failed to kill all the transgenic plants found
outside the field boundaries and populations of transgenic plants were found in
2006. Now scientists have found a wild creeping bentgrass plant hybridized
with pollen contribution from a grass in another genera, Polypogon
monspeliensis, to create a transgenic hybrid grass. A decision about deregulating
transgenic Agrostis stolonifera is still pending. Let's hope this new data
gets taken into consideration!
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2.Illegal gene flow from transgenic creeping bentgrass: the saga continues
ALLISON A SNOW
Molecular Ecology, Volume 21, Issue 19, pages 4663–4664, October 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05695.x
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05695.x/abstract
ABSTRACT: Ecologists have paid close attention to environmental effects
that fitness-enhancing transgenes might have following crop-to-wild gene flow
(e.g. Snow et al. 2003). For some crops, gene flow also can lead to legal
problems, especially when government agencies have not approved transgenic
events for unrestricted environmental release. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis
stolonifera), a common turfgrass used in golf courses, is the focus of
both areas of concern. In 2002, prior to expected deregulation (still
pending), The Scotts Company planted creeping bentgrass with transgenic resistance
to the herbicide glyphosate, also known as RoundUp®, on 162 ha in a
designated control area in central Oregon (Fig. 1). Despite efforts to restrict
gene flow, wind-dispersed pollen carried transgenes to florets of local A.
stolonifera and A. gigantea as far as 14 km away, and to sentinel plants
placed as far as 21 km away (Watrud et al. 2004). Then, in August 2003, a
strong wind event moved
transgenic seeds from windrows of cut bentgrass into nearby areas. The
company’s efforts to kill all transgenic survivors in the area failed: feral
glyphosate-resistant populations of A. stolonifera were found by Reichman et
al. (2006), and 62% of 585 bentgrass plants had the telltale CP4 EPSPS
transgene in 2006 (Zapiola et al. 2008; Fig. 2). Now, in this issue, the story
gets even more interesting as Zapiola & Mallory-Smith (2012) describe a
transgenic, intergeneric hybrid produced on a feral, transgenic creeping
bentgrass plant that received pollen from Polypogon monspeliensis (rabbitfoot
grass). Their finding raises a host of new questions about the prevalence
and fitness of intergeneric hybrids, as well as how to evaluate the full
extent of gene flow from transgenic crops.
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