In a message dated 7/7/2013 4:29:41 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
[log in to unmask] writes:
So why the EPA would increase the allowed residue of glyphosate in our
food supply is a mystery. Unless the EPA is more concerned with helping
companies like Monsanto than they are with protecting the environment an human
health.
By the way, the Roundup Ready crops now commercialized are corn (maize),
soybeans, cotton, canola, alfalfa, and sugar beets. Contrary to a recently
posted article, wheat and sugar cane are not Roundup Ready, at least not in
commercialized form.
--Tom
In a message dated 7/3/2013 12:58:57 P.M. Central Daylight Time,
[log in to unmask] writes:
NOTE: Below is yet another study throwing into question the reliability of
regulatory classifications of glyphosate and Roundup.
The levels of Roundup and glyphosate found in this study to be toxic to
Daphnia magna, the water flea, are minuscule and are well within levels
expected to be found in the environment.
But glyphosate is classed by regulators as “practically nontoxic” to
aquatic invertebrates.
Daphnia magna is a widely accepted model for environmental toxicity.
This study follows an earlier study by some of the same authors which
showed that Bt maize fed to daphnia magna reduced their fitness:
http://www.gmwatch.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14943
---
---
Clone- and age-dependent toxicity of a glyphosate commercial formulation
and its active ingredient in Daphnia magna
Marek Cuhra, Terje Traavik, and Thomas Bøhn
Ecotoxicology. 2013 March; 22(2): 251–262
Open access:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572389/
Abstract
Low levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative
effects on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides such
as brands of Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, published
findings on acute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation
across several orders of magnitude. To test the acute effects of both
glyphosate and a commercial formulation of Roundup (hereafter Roundup), we
conducted a series of exposure experiments with different clones and age-classes of
D. magna. The results demonstrated EC50 (48) values in the low ppm-range
for Roundup as well as for the active ingredient (a.i.) isopropylamine salt
of glyphosate (glyphosate IPA) alone. Roundup showed slightly lower acute
toxicity than glyphosate IPA alone, i.e. EC50 values of 3.7–10.6 mg a.i./l,
as compared to 1.4–7.2 mg a.i./l for glyphosate IPA. However, in chronic
toxicity tests spanning the whole life-cycle, Roundup was more toxic. D.
magna was exposed to sublethal nominal concentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 0.45,
1.35 and 4.05 mg a.i./l for 55 days. Significant reduction of juvenile size
was observed even in the lowest test concentrations of 0.05 mg a.i./l, for
both glyphosate and Roundup. At 0.45 mg a.i./l, growth, fecundity and
abortion rate was affected, but only in animals exposed to Roundup. At 1.35 and
4.05 mg a.i./l of both glyphosate and Roundup, significant negative effects
were seen on most tested parameters, including mortality. D. magna was
adversely affected by a near 100% abortion rate of eggs and embryonic stages at
1.35 mg a.i./l of Roundup. The results indicate that aquatic invertebrate
ecology can be adversely affected by relevant ambient concentrations of this
major herbicide. We conclude that glyphosate and Roundup toxicity to
aquatic invertebrates have been underestimated and that current European
Commission and US EPA toxicity classification of these chemicals need to be
revised.
==============================================
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-----Original Message-----
Subject:
=?utf-8?Q?GMW=3A=20Roundup=20and=20glyphosate=20toxicity=20underestimated=20=2D=20study?=
From: =?utf-8?Q?GMWatch?= <[log in to unmask]>
To: =?utf-8?Q??= <[log in to unmask]>
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2013 17:58:57 +0000
NOTE: Below is yet another study throwing into question the reliability of
regulatory classifications of glyphosate and Roundup.
The levels of Roundup and glyphosate found in this study to be toxic to
Daphnia magna, the water flea, are minuscule and are well within levels
expected to be found in the environment.
But glyphosate is classed by regulators as “practically nontoxic” to
aquatic invertebrates.
Daphnia magna is a widely accepted model for environmental toxicity.
This study follows an earlier study by some of the same authors which
showed that Bt maize fed to daphnia magna reduced their fitness:
http://www.gmwatch.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14943
---
---
Clone- and age-dependent toxicity of a glyphosate commercial formulation
and its active ingredient in Daphnia magna
Marek Cuhra, Terje Traavik, and Thomas Bøhn
Ecotoxicology. 2013 March; 22(2): 251–262
Open access:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572389/
Abstract
Low levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative
effects on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides such
as brands of Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, published
findings on acute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation
across several orders of magnitude. To test the acute effects of both
glyphosate and a commercial formulation of Roundup (hereafter Roundup), we
conducted a series of exposure experiments with different clones and age-classes of
D. magna. The results demonstrated EC50 (48) values in the low ppm-range
for Roundup as well as for the active ingredient (a.i.) isopropylamine salt
of glyphosate (glyphosate IPA) alone. Roundup showed slightly lower acute
toxicity than glyphosate IPA alone, i.e. EC50 values of 3.7–10.6 mg a.i./l,
as compared to 1.4–7.2 mg a.i./l for glyphosate IPA. However, in chronic
toxicity tests spanning the whole life-cycle, Roundup was more toxic. D.
magna was exposed to sublethal nominal concentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, 1.35
and 4.05 mg a.i./l for 55 days. Significant reduction of juvenile size was
observed even in the lowest test concentrations of 0.05 mg a.i./l, for
both glyphosate and Roundup. At 0.45 mg a.i./l, growth, fecundity and abortion
rate was affected, but only in animals exposed to Roundup. At 1.35 and
4.05 mg a.i./l of both glyphosate and Roundup, significant negative effects
were seen on most tested parameters, including mortality. D. magna was
adversely affected by a near 100% abortion rate of eggs and embryonic stages at
1.35 mg a.i./l of Roundup. The results indicate that aquatic invertebrate
ecology can be adversely affected by relevant ambient concentrations of this
major herbicide. We conclude that glyphosate and Roundup toxicity to
aquatic invertebrates have been underestimated and that current European
Commission and US EPA toxicity classification of these chemicals need to be
revised.
==============================================
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_____________________________________________________
Iowa Native Plants Mailing List
[log in to unmask]
http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/herbarium/MailingList.htm
The Iowa Native Plants Mailing List provides a forum for those interested
in Iowa's natural
vegetation and in general conservation issues. Another objective is to
promote the Iowa
Native Plant Society. This list is owned and managed by Diana Horton, and
sponsored by
the University of Iowa Department of Biology.
For assistance, contact Diana Horton, [log in to unmask]
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