I disagree with Bill that hunters alone cannot control a prey population. Here in Black Hawk County we have had urban archery hunts for deer for the last 15 yrs or so. Deer densities are down nearly 90% if I remember the numbers I saw. Iowa City uses sharpshooters and greatly reduced deer numbers. Information on the Iowa DNR website shows Iowa with a peak deer population of 400,000 in 2005-06. They project in two years the Iowa deer herd will stabilize at their goal of 175,000 deer. Sorry Bill, that decline has not been brought about by animal predation. I sat for 2 days during shotgun season in a blind in Winnesheik County and saw two does in the distance. That is a far cry from the dozens of deer I saw a few years ago. For the last several years the DNR has made 3,500 extra doe tags available each year for that county, and I can guarantee that the deer population is way down. Colorado is relatively (elk) predator free and they successfully control their elk populations with hunting. If hunting can't control animal populations, why do the anti-hunters always claim that hunters are threatening animal populations. Just to be clear of my previous point, as an ecologist I talk to my classes about a carrying capacity for a population. This is a largely conceptual or even imaginary point of a stable population that persists at a level for a long time--examples in nature are nearly impossible to find. Game managers all over the world have to deal with a practical, socio-economic carrying capacity. How many critters can us humans stand? Wisconsin has higher tolerances for deer densities than do Iowans, Willy Suchy tells me. When it comes to the socio-economic carrying capacity for wolves and mountain lions, any number you name will be too high for most folks. The cost to the conservation movement and the Sierra Club is simply too high to promote a large predator in Iowa. Lanny Schwartz - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - To unsubscribe from the IOWA-TOPICS list, send any message to: [log in to unmask] Check out our Listserv Lists support site for more information: http://www.sierraclub.org/lists/faq.asp