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Subject: [IOWA-NATIVE-PLANTS] Fwd: GMW: Roundup and glyphosate toxicity underestimated - study
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=20
So why the EPA would increase the allowed residue of glyphosate in our food=
=20
 supply is a mystery. Unless the EPA is more concerned with helping=20
companies  like Monsanto than they are with protecting the environment an h=
uman =20
health.
=20
By the way, the Roundup Ready crops now commercialized are corn (maize), =
=20
soybeans, cotton, canola, alfalfa, and sugar beets. Contrary to a recently =
=20
posted article, wheat and sugar cane are not Roundup Ready, at least not in=
 =20
commercialized form.
=20
--Tom
=20
In a message dated 7/3/2013 12:58:57 P.M. Central Daylight Time, =20
[log in to unmask] writes:

NOTE:  Below is yet another study throwing into question the reliability of=
=20
 regulatory classifications of glyphosate and Roundup.

The levels of  Roundup and glyphosate found in this study to be toxic to=20
Daphnia magna, the  water flea, are minuscule and are well within levels=20
expected to be found in  the environment.

But glyphosate is classed by regulators as  =E2=80=9Cpractically nontoxic=
=E2=80=9D to=20
aquatic invertebrates.

Daphnia magna is a  widely accepted model for environmental toxicity.

This study follows an  earlier study by some of the same authors which=20
showed that Bt maize fed to  daphnia magna reduced their  fitness:
http://www.gmwatch.eu/index.php?option=3Dcom_content&view=3Darticle&id=3D14=
943
---
---
Clone-  and age-dependent toxicity of a glyphosate commercial formulation=
=20
and its  active ingredient in Daphnia magna
Marek Cuhra, Terje Traavik, and Thomas  B=C3=B8hn
Ecotoxicology. 2013 March; 22(2): 251=E2=80=93262
Open  access:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572389/

Abstract
Low  levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative=20
effects on  the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides s=
uch=20
as brands  of Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, publishe=
d=20
findings on  acute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation=20
across several  orders of magnitude. To test the acute effects of both=20
glyphosate and a  commercial formulation of Roundup (hereafter Roundup), we=
=20
conducted a series  of exposure experiments with different clones and age-c=
lasses of=20
D. magna. The  results demonstrated EC50 (48) values in the low ppm-range=
=20
for Roundup as well  as for the active ingredient (a.i.) isopropylamine sal=
t=20
of glyphosate  (glyphosate IPA) alone. Roundup showed slightly lower acute=
=20
toxicity than  glyphosate IPA alone, i.e. EC50 values of 3.7=E2=80=9310.6 m=
g a.i./l,=20
as compared to  1.4=E2=80=937.2 mg a.i./l for glyphosate IPA. However, in c=
hronic=20
toxicity tests  spanning the whole life-cycle, Roundup was more toxic. D.=
=20
magna was exposed to  sublethal nominal concentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 0.45,=
 1.35=20
and 4.05 mg a.i./l  for 55 days. Significant reduction of juvenile size was=
=20
observed even in the  lowest test concentrations of 0.05 mg a.i./l, for=20
both glyphosate and Roundup.  At 0.45 mg a.i./l, growth, fecundity and abor=
tion=20
rate was affected, but only  in animals exposed to Roundup. At 1.35 and=20
4.05 mg a.i./l of both glyphosate  and Roundup, significant negative effect=
s=20
were seen on most tested parameters,  including mortality. D. magna was=20
adversely affected by a near 100% abortion  rate of eggs and embryonic stag=
es at=20
1.35 mg a.i./l of Roundup. The results  indicate that aquatic invertebrate=
=20
ecology can be adversely affected by  relevant ambient concentrations of th=
is=20
major herbicide. We conclude that  glyphosate and Roundup toxicity to=20
aquatic invertebrates have been  underestimated and that current European=
=20
Commission and US EPA toxicity  classification of these chemicals need to b=
e =20
revised.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
You received  this email because you signed up for a GMWatch Review or=20
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Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Language: en

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; charset=3DUTF-8">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.6000.17037" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY id=3Drole_body style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: #000000; FONT-FAMILY:=
 Arial"=20
bottomMargin=3D7 leftMargin=3D7 topMargin=3D7 rightMargin=3D7><FONT id=3Dro=
le_document=20
face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=3D2>
<DIV>
<DIV>So why the EPA would increase the allowed residue of glyphosate in our=
 food=20
supply is a mystery. Unless the EPA is more concerned with helping companie=
s=20
like Monsanto than they are with protecting the environment an human=20
health.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>By the way, the Roundup Ready crops now commercialized are corn (maize=
),=20
soybeans, cotton, canola, alfalfa, and sugar beets. Contrary to a recently=
=20
posted article, wheat and sugar cane are not Roundup Ready, at least not in=
=20
commercialized form.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>--Tom</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>In a message dated 7/3/2013 12:58:57 P.M. Central Daylight Time,=20
[log in to unmask] writes:</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT: blue 2px solid">=
<FONT=20
  style=3D"BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=3DArial color=3D#000000 size=
=3D2>NOTE:=20
  Below is yet another study throwing into question the reliability of=20
  regulatory classifications of glyphosate and Roundup.<BR><BR>The levels o=
f=20
  Roundup and glyphosate found in this study to be toxic to Daphnia magna, =
the=20
  water flea, are minuscule and are well within levels expected to be found=
 in=20
  the environment.<BR><BR>But glyphosate is classed by regulators as=20
  =E2=80=9Cpractically nontoxic=E2=80=9D to aquatic invertebrates.<BR><BR>D=
aphnia magna is a=20
  widely accepted model for environmental toxicity.<BR><BR>This study follo=
ws an=20
  earlier study by some of the same authors which showed that Bt maize fed =
to=20
  daphnia magna reduced their=20
  fitness:<BR>http://www.gmwatch.eu/index.php?option=3Dcom_content&amp;view=
=3Darticle&amp;id=3D14943<BR>---<BR>---<BR>Clone-=20
  and age-dependent toxicity of a glyphosate commercial formulation and its=
=20
  active ingredient in Daphnia magna<BR>Marek Cuhra, Terje Traavik, and Tho=
mas=20
  B=C3=B8hn<BR>Ecotoxicology. 2013 March; 22(2): 251=E2=80=93262<BR>Open=20
  access:<BR>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572389/<BR><BR>Ab=
stract<BR>Low=20
  levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative effects=
 on=20
  the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides such as bra=
nds=20
  of Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, published finding=
s on=20
  acute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation across severa=
l=20
  orders of magnitude. To test the acute effects of both glyphosate and a=
=20
  commercial formulation of Roundup (hereafter Roundup), we conducted a ser=
ies=20
  of exposure experiments with different clones and age-classes of D. magna=
. The=20
  results demonstrated EC50 (48) values in the low ppm-range for Roundup as=
 well=20
  as for the active ingredient (a.i.) isopropylamine salt of glyphosate=20
  (glyphosate IPA) alone. Roundup showed slightly lower acute toxicity than=
=20
  glyphosate IPA alone, i.e. EC50 values of 3.7=E2=80=9310.6 mg a.i./l, as =
compared to=20
  1.4=E2=80=937.2 mg a.i./l for glyphosate IPA. However, in chronic toxicit=
y tests=20
  spanning the whole life-cycle, Roundup was more toxic. D. magna was expos=
ed to=20
  sublethal nominal concentrations of 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, 1.35 and 4.05 mg a.=
i./l=20
  for 55 days. Significant reduction of juvenile size was observed even in =
the=20
  lowest test concentrations of 0.05 mg a.i./l, for both glyphosate and Rou=
ndup.=20
  At 0.45 mg a.i./l, growth, fecundity and abortion rate was affected, but =
only=20
  in animals exposed to Roundup. At 1.35 and 4.05 mg a.i./l of both glyphos=
ate=20
  and Roundup, significant negative effects were seen on most tested parame=
ters,=20
  including mortality. D. magna was adversely affected by a near 100% abort=
ion=20
  rate of eggs and embryonic stages at 1.35 mg a.i./l of Roundup. The resul=
ts=20
  indicate that aquatic invertebrate ecology can be adversely affected by=
=20
  relevant ambient concentrations of this major herbicide. We conclude that=
=20
  glyphosate and Roundup toxicity to aquatic invertebrates have been=20
  underestimated and that current European Commission and US EPA toxicity=
=20
  classification of these chemicals need to be=20
  revised.<BR>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D<BR>You received=20
  this email because you signed up for a GMWatch Review or Daily=20
  List<BR><BR>Unsubscribe [log in to unmask] from this=20
  list:<BR>http://gmwatch.us6.list-manage1.com/unsubscribe?u=3D29cbc7e6c21e=
0a8fd2a82aeb8&amp;id=3D151eeeb338&amp;e=3Dec3824c80e&amp;c=3D917f786489<BR>=
<BR>Forward=20
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>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></FONT></BODY></HTML>
<hr>
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Subject: =?utf-8?Q?GMW=3A=20Roundup=20and=20glyphosate=20toxicity=20underestimated=20=2D=20study?=
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NOTE: Below is yet another study throwing into question the reliability of=
 regulatory classifications of glyphosate and Roundup.

The levels of Roundup and glyphosate found in this study to be toxic to Da=
phnia magna, the water flea, are minuscule and are well within levels expe=
cted to be found in the environment.

But glyphosate is classed by regulators as =E2=80=9Cpractically nontoxic=
=E2=80=9D to aquatic invertebrates.

Daphnia magna is a widely accepted model for environmental toxicity.

This study follows an earlier study by some of the same authors which show=
ed that Bt maize fed to daphnia magna reduced their fitness:
http://www.gmwatch.eu/index.php?option=3Dcom_content&view=3Darticle&id=3D1=
4943
---
---
Clone- and age-dependent toxicity of a glyphosate commercial formulation a=
nd its active ingredient in Daphnia magna
Marek Cuhra, Terje Traavik, and Thomas B=C3=B8hn
Ecotoxicology. 2013 March; 22(2): 251=E2=80=93262
Open access:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572389/

Abstract
Low levels of glyphosate based herbicide induced significant negative effe=
cts on the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna. Glyphosate herbicides such=
 as brands of Roundup, are known to be toxic to daphnids. However, publish=
ed findings on acute toxicity show significant discrepancies and variation=
 across several orders of magnitude. To test the acute effects of both gly=
phosate and a commercial formulation of Roundup (hereafter Roundup), we co=
nducted a series of exposure experiments with different clones and age-cla=
sses of D. magna. The results demonstrated EC50 (48) values in the low ppm=
-range for Roundup as well as for the active ingredient (a.i.) isopropylam=
ine salt of glyphosate (glyphosate IPA) alone. Roundup showed slightly low=
er acute toxicity than glyphosate IPA alone, i.e. EC50 values of 3.7=E2=80=
=9310.6 mg a.i./l, as compared to 1.4=E2=80=937.2 mg a.i./l for glyphosate=
 IPA. However, in chronic toxicity tests spanning the whole life-cycle, Ro=
undup was more toxic. D. magna was exposed to sublethal nominal concentrat=
ions of 0.05, 0.15, 0.45, 1.35 and 4.05 mg a.i./l for 55 days. Significant=
 reduction of juvenile size was observed even in the lowest test concentra=
tions of 0.05 mg a.i./l, for both glyphosate and Roundup. At 0.45 mg a.i./=
l, growth, fecundity and abortion rate was affected, but only in animals e=
xposed to Roundup. At 1.35 and 4.05 mg a.i./l of both glyphosate and Round=
up, significant negative effects were seen on most tested parameters, incl=
uding mortality. D. magna was adversely affected by a near 100% abortion r=
ate of eggs and embryonic stages at 1.35 mg a.i./l of Roundup. The results=
 indicate that aquatic invertebrate ecology can be adversely affected by r=
elevant ambient concentrations of this major herbicide. We conclude that g=
lyphosate and Roundup toxicity to aquatic invertebrates have been underest=
imated and that current European Commission and US EPA toxicity classifica=
tion of these chemicals need to be revised.
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
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_____________________________________________________
Iowa Native Plants Mailing List
[log in to unmask]
http://www.cgrer.uiowa.edu/herbarium/MailingList.htm

The Iowa Native Plants Mailing List provides a forum for those interested in Iowa's natural
vegetation and in general conservation issues.  Another objective is to promote the Iowa
Native Plant Society.  This list is owned and managed by Diana Horton, and sponsored by
the University of Iowa Department of Biology.

For assistance, contact Diana Horton, [log in to unmask]

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